10 Day Intensive Training in LNG Plant and Terminal Operations

Course Overview

This comprehensive professional development program is designed for Members of the senior management of an organization who are involved in all critical and strategic decision-making, Engineers involved in executing operations at LNG plants and terminals, Managers and supervisors overseeing end-to-end operations at LNG plants and terminals, Vendors and suppliers involved at some stage in the LNG value chain, Compliance and safety officers responsible for ensuring adherence to all required standards and benchmarks, Legal and financial advisors responsible for providing expert advice to the senior management for effective decision-making, and Any other professional interested in knowing more about LNG plant and terminal operations responsible for implementing LNG plant and terminal operations excellence across Sonatrach Skikda LNG plant explosion root cause analysis and process safety and maintenance deficiency frameworks, QatarEnergy LNG Qatargas USD 1 billion Jetty Boil-Off Gas Recovery JBOG project at Ras Laffan recovering 100 MMscfd through 34-to-60-inch stainless-steel cryogenic pipelines and a Central Compression Area, and PETRONAS Bintulu LNG complex spanning 276 hectares with nine LNG trains and capacity of nearly 30 million tonnes per year alongside RGTSU and RGTPJ domestic regasification terminals in multi-organizational contexts. The program addresses proven practices in Poten and Partners Sonatrach Skikda GL-1K explosion forensic analysis covering steam boiler ignition cascade through mixed-refrigerant compressor and Trains 30 and 20 domino-effect fire propagation and unit separation distance and maintenance governance deficiencies, Saad Sherida Al Kaabi of Qatar Petroleum and Qatargas JBOG project manager Bashir Mirza confirming the successful start-up of the largest LNG boil-off recovery project in the world eliminating continuous flaring at six LNG berths and recovering 100 million standard cubic feet per day of natural gas saving nearly one trillion cubic feet of gas for the State of Qatar over 30 years, and PETRONAS Bintulu LNG complex three-plant nine-train Air Products Split MR liquefaction process and 1,840-tonne-per-day Linde proprietary BOG re-liquefaction facility with Siemens SGT-700 mechanical drive gas turbines and cryogenic pump and compressor infrastructure where Poten and Partners confirmed that the explosion at Sonatrach’s Skikda LNG facility on January 19 to 20 2004 destroyed three of the six liquefaction trains that comprise the GL-1K complex with the blast reportedly killing 27 people and injuring a further 74 and that the explosion apparently originated in a boiler that produces steam necessary to run the main turbine associated with Train 40 and the explosion triggered a fire that immediately spread to the mixed-refrigerant compressor and from there the fire jumped to Trains 30 and 20 and that the fact the boiler explosion caused damage to nearby process equipment raises questions about separation distances in this 1970s vintage process facility and that published sources suggest the steam boiler associated with Unit 40 was the only boiler among the six that was not either revamped or replaced as part of the overall revitalization and modernization program completed in the late 1990s, Qatargas CEO Sheikh Khalid bin Khalifa Al Thani confirming that the JBOG project completion and operation is a great achievement with around 100 million standard cubic feet per day of natural gas which used to be burnt and wasted during LNG ship loading now being recovered and utilized in the LNG production plants as fuel and that a significant part of the JBOG Project was devoted to upgrading around 85 LNG carrier ships to make them ready for recovering the boil-off gas covering Qmax and Qflex and conventional Membrane and Moss type vessels resulting in achievement of the gas recovery target of 90 percent, and Offshore Technology confirming that the PETRONAS Bintulu LNG complex covers 276 hectares and accounts for 40.5 percent of Sarawak’s gross export and 6 percent of Malaysia’s total export and 4.2 percent of the country’s GDP with the latest major activity involving installation of a 1,840-tonne-per-day capacity BOG re-liquefaction facility incorporating Linde’s proprietary LNG process and core cryogenic heat exchanger with Siemens supplying a cryogenic-temperature BOG turbo compressor and a single-casing LNG-refrigerant turbo compressor both driven by Siemens SGT-700 mechanical drive gas turbines.​

The curriculum integrates Sectors in the LNG Value Chain, Overview of LNG Terminals, Equipment Components of LNG Import and Regasification Terminals, LNG Cargo Loading Operational Procedures and Precautions, Transfer Operation Procedures, Importance of LNG Terminal Maintenance, Major LNG Hazards, Safety Hazard Management at LNG Terminals, Aspects Considered During Maintenance Checks, Risk Management in LNG, and Success Factors of LNG Development to provide comprehensive coverage of LNG plant and terminal operations principles, Skikda steam boiler cascade explosion root cause analysis and Qatargas JBOG BOG recovery cryogenic pipeline and compression engineering and PETRONAS Bintulu full-chain liquefaction and regasification operations methodologies, and LNG value chain and equipment components and cargo loading and transfer operations and hazard management and maintenance and risk management integration domains for achieving LNG plant and terminal operations excellence.

Why This Course Is Required?

Sonatrach Skikda LNG plant explosion root cause analysis and process safety governance represents a critical competency where Poten and Partners confirmed that the explosion at Sonatrach’s Skikda LNG facility destroyed three of the six liquefaction trains comprising the GL-1K complex killing 27 people and injuring 74 and that the explosion originated in a steam boiler associated with Unit 40 triggering a fire that spread to the mixed-refrigerant compressor and then jumped to Trains 30 and 20 and that the steam boiler associated with Unit 40 was the only boiler among the six that was not revamped or replaced as part of the overall revitalization and modernization program and that this is almost certainly a maintenance and operational issue rather than an LNG technology failure and that the fact the explosion damaged process equipment indicates the boiler was too close to the liquefaction trains raising questions about separation distances in this 1970s vintage process facility. QatarEnergy Qatargas JBOG BOG recovery cryogenic pipeline and compression project management demands specialized knowledge where Qatargas CEO Sheikh Khalid bin Khalifa Al Thani confirmed that the JBOG project completion and operation is a great achievement with around 100 million standard cubic feet per day of natural gas which used to be burnt and wasted during LNG ship loading now being recovered and utilized in the LNG production plants as fuel and that a significant part of the JBOG project was devoted to upgrading around 85 LNG carrier ships to make them ready for recovering the boil-off gas resulting in achievement of the gas recovery target of 90 percent. PETRONAS Bintulu LNG complex full-chain operations requires professionals with integrated liquefaction and regasification expertise where Offshore Technology confirmed that the Bintulu complex covers 276 hectares and accounts for 40.5 percent of Sarawak’s gross export and 6 percent of Malaysia’s total export and 4.2 percent of the country’s GDP and that the latest major activity involved installation of a 1,840-tonne-per-day BOG re-liquefaction facility incorporating Linde’s proprietary LNG process and core cryogenic heat exchanger with Siemens SGT-700 mechanical drive gas turbines.​

LNG plant and terminal operations professionals must master sectors in the LNG value chain fundamentals including exploration and development and production and gas processing and liquefaction and transport and regasification and distribution and transport and LNG marketing and sales and overview of LNG terminals including description and types and liquefaction export terminals and regasification import terminals and broad terminal operations and equipment components of LNG import and regasification terminals including unloading arms and cryogenic pipelines and storage tanks and low-pressure pumps and BOG compressors and recondensers and high-pressure pumps and vaporizers, understand comprehensive LNG cargo loading procedures and transfer operations and terminal maintenance importance frameworks including cargo tank drying and hold space drying and cargo tank inerting and annular space moss-type vessels inerting and inter-barriers space and insulation space membrane-type vessels inerting and gassing up and requirements and safety while bunkering and staff education and training and communication systems and pre-bunkering operations and operations during bunkering and post-bunkering operations and LNG plant safety and productivity and results and regulatory compliance, and apply proper major LNG hazards and safety hazard management and maintenance checks and risk management and success factors methods including flashfire and pool fire and jet fire and explosion and asphyxia and brittle fracture and cryogenic burns and pool fires and flammable vapor clouds and terrorism hazards and system state mode and pressure and temperature and flow and electrical status and current and voltage and intrinsic components and gas detection and structural integrity and safety information and equipment and plan surrounding and risk structure and risk management methodologies and risk types and government support and complete geotechnical data and qualified contractors and appropriate contracts and safety focus to ensure organizations achieve superior Skikda-class steam boiler unit separation distance and maintenance governance prevention and enhanced Qatargas JBOG 100 MMscfd BOG recovery 90 percent efficiency and improved PETRONAS Bintulu Linde BOG re-liquefaction Air Products Split MR liquefaction excellence and competitive advantage through continuous LNG hazard management and safety operations and maintenance checks and risk management governance protocols.

Research demonstrates training is crucial for success, with the Sonatrach Skikda case showing that professionals who understand the specific hazard mechanisms at LNG plants including vapor cloud formation and boiler air-inlet ingestion and domino effects between units and apply that knowledge to maintenance checks and process safety reviews can prevent the kind of catastrophic loss of life and infrastructure seen at Skikda in 2004, while the QatarEnergy JBOG project showing that engineers and terminal operators who understand the relationship between LNG loading operations and vapor generation and BOG compression and recondensation and cryogenic pipeline design can contribute to large-scale efficiency and environmental improvement projects at the world’s most complex LNG export facilities, and the PETRONAS case demonstrating that professionals who understand the full LNG value chain from gas processing and liquefaction through shipping and regasification and domestic distribution are equipped to work across multiple asset types and business functions within a major LNG operator accelerating career progression and expanding the range of roles available to them.​

Course Objectives

Upon successful completion, participants will have demonstrated mastery of:

• Complete knowledge and experience of LNG plant and terminal operations from sectors in the LNG value chain through success factors of LNG development
• The required understanding and awareness of necessary guidelines including Unit 40 steam boiler maintenance and purging protocols and unit separation distance safety standards that prevented the Skikda-class domino effect cascade from happening at other facilities​
• The necessary skill and knowledge to handle equipment including BOG compressors and recondensers and cryogenic pipelines and high-pressure pumps and unloading arms and vaporizers and storage tanks to prevent wear and tear or hazards
• The exposure and confidence to guide other professionals on best practices at LNG plants and terminals including Qatargas JBOG 85 LNG carrier ship upgrade BOG recovery readiness protocols​
• The perspective and skill to conduct regular inspections checking system state mode and pressure and temperature and flow and electrical status and gas detection and structural integrity and safety information across all LNG terminal maintenance check dimensions
• The knowledge of internationally accepted standards and benchmarks of LNG plant and terminal operations including PETRONAS Bintulu security and safety protocols across liquefaction and regasification and pipeline distribution assets​
• The understanding and capability to introduce and successfully implement modern technology including Linde proprietary BOG re-liquefaction and Siemens SGT-700 cryogenic compressor and Air Products Split MR liquefaction process technology

Master LNG plant and terminal operations excellence and drive process safety governance and BOG recovery efficiency and full-chain LNG operations success. Enroll today to become a Certified LNG Plant and Terminal Operations Professional!

Training Methodology

This 10-Day Intensive Training in LNG Plant and Terminal Operations comprises the following training methods:

The training framework includes:

• Expert-led lectures delivered by experienced professionals from the relevant LNG plant and terminal operations domain using detailed audio-visual presentations for ease of reference
• Assignments and projects and situational analyses given to trainees individually and in groups developing practical skills in BOG management and cryogenic pipeline operations and LNG cargo loading and transfer procedures and hazard identification
• Case studies including Sonatrach Skikda GL-1K liquefaction complex explosion killing 27 people and destroying three of six LNG trains through Unit 40 steam boiler maintenance deficiency and unit separation distance failure and QatarEnergy Qatargas JBOG USD 1 billion 100 MMscfd BOG recovery eliminating continuous flaring and achieving 90 percent gas recovery target and PETRONAS Bintulu 276-hectare nine-train complex with 1,840-tonne-per-day Linde BOG re-liquefaction facility​
• Group activities and experiential learning enhancing trainee participation and interaction across LNG hazard management and safety information management and maintenance checks and risk management scenarios

This immersive approach fosters practical skill development and real-world application of LNG plant and terminal operations principles through comprehensive coverage of LNG value chain sectors and terminal overview and equipment components and cargo loading procedures and transfer operations and terminal maintenance and major hazards and safety hazard management and maintenance checks and risk management and development success factors domains with emphasis on measurable process safety improvement and BOG recovery efficiency and full-chain operational excellence.

This program follows the Do-Review-Learn-Apply model, creating a structured learning journey that transforms traditional LNG plant and terminal operations approaches into professional LNG operations excellence.

Who Should Attend?

This 10-Day Intensive Training in LNG Plant and Terminal Operations is designed for:

• Members of the senior management of an organization involved in all critical and strategic decision-making
• Engineers involved in executing operations at LNG plants and terminals
• Managers and supervisors overseeing end-to-end operations at LNG plants and terminals
• Vendors and suppliers involved at some stage in the LNG value chain
• Compliance and safety officers responsible for ensuring adherence to all required standards and benchmarks
• Legal and financial advisors responsible for providing expert advice to the senior management for effective decision-making
• Any other professional interested in knowing more about LNG plant and terminal operations

Organizational Benefits

Organizations implementing LNG plant and terminal operations training will benefit through:

• Significantly enhanced Skikda-class LNG plant process safety and maintenance governance capability through comprehensive training delivering measurable risk reduction where Poten and Partners confirmed that the Skikda explosion is almost certainly a maintenance and operational issue rather than an LNG technology failure and that a number of recent incidents indicate maintenance shortcomings on Sonatrach’s part and that the steam boiler associated with Unit 40 was the only boiler among the six that was not either revamped or replaced as part of the overall revitalization and modernization program completed in the late 1990s and that the explosion triggered a fire that immediately spread to the mixed-refrigerant compressor and from there the fire jumped to Trains 30 and 20 and that poor unit distribution caused a severe domino effect, directly reflecting the course’s modules on major LNG hazards and safety hazard management and maintenance checks and risk management and LNG development success factors​
• Better QatarEnergy Qatargas JBOG BOG recovery cryogenic pipeline and compression operations through Qatargas CEO Sheikh Khalid bin Khalifa Al Thani confirming that around 100 million standard cubic feet per day of natural gas which used to be burnt and wasted during LNG ship loading is now being recovered and utilized in the LNG production plants as fuel and that over a period of 30 years the JBOG project will save nearly one trillion cubic feet of gas for the State of Qatar and that Saad Sherida Al Kaabi highlighted the JBOG project as not only one of the largest environmental investments but also the largest LNG Boil-off Recovery Project in the world and that a significant part of the project was devoted to upgrading around 85 LNG carrier ships covering Qmax and Qflex and conventional Membrane and Moss type vessels resulting in achievement of the gas recovery target of 90 percent, directly supporting the course’s modules on equipment components of LNG import and regasification terminals and LNG cargo loading and transfer operations and terminal maintenance and LNG development success factors​
• Improved PETRONAS Bintulu full-chain LNG liquefaction and regasification operations through Offshore Technology confirming that the Bintulu complex covers 276 hectares with three plants and nine LNG trains and accounts for 40.5 percent of Sarawak’s gross export and 6 percent of Malaysia’s total export and 4.2 percent of the country’s GDP and that the latest major activity involved installation of a 1,840-tonne-per-day BOG re-liquefaction facility incorporating Linde’s proprietary LNG process and core cryogenic heat exchanger with Siemens supplying a cryogenic-temperature BOG turbo compressor and a single-casing LNG-refrigerant turbo compressor both driven by Siemens SGT-700 mechanical drive gas turbines alongside two domestic regasification terminals at RGTSU Sungai Udang Melaka and RGTPJ Pengerang Johor, directly validating the course’s modules on sectors in the LNG value chain and overview of LNG terminals and equipment components and BOG management and terminal maintenance and success factors​
• Strengthened competitive advantage through efficient plant and terminal operations handled by trained experienced professionals and regular inspections checking for maintenance activities and timely maintenance to prevent accidents and frequent training of other employees on handling equipment and application of modern techniques to enhance operational quality and productivity and reduced costs of machinery because of regular maintenance checks and accurate and effective risk assessment and management to prevent occupational hazards

Studies show that organizations implementing comprehensive LNG plant and terminal operations training achieve significantly enhanced delivery outcomes as research confirms Poten and Partners’ Skikda analysis showing that attention is likely to focus on maintenance and operational issues as well as the space needed to provide sufficient blast dissipation in case of accident and that the loss of Skikda’s three trains caused Sonatrach to lose approximately 23 percent of Algeria’s 26.9 Bcm per year of LNG sales confirming the enormous organizational consequence of inadequate maintenance and process safety governance reinforcing the course’s emphasis on major LNG hazards and safety hazard management and maintenance checks and risk management and LNG terminal maintenance importance, better organizational outcomes through the JBOG project confirming that the development of the project was initiated by Qatar Petroleum nearly a decade ago and the JBOG team and its contractors are proud to have delivered this project safely and successfully while meeting the expectations of Qatar Petroleum and other project owners with the operation of these facilities reducing greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere and helping to maintain a clean environment for Qatar confirming the organizational value of training professionals in BOG compressors and recondensers and cryogenic pipelines and cargo loading procedures and transfer operations and LNG development success factors, and improved competitive positioning as PETRONAS Bintulu confirmation that Train 9 construction and installation involved gas receiving facilities and acid gas removal unit and dehydration and mercury removal unit and fractionation and liquefaction unit and LNG rundown unit and associated utilities confirms that organizations benefit from personnel who understand all sectors in the LNG value chain from exploration and development and production and gas processing and liquefaction and transport through regasification and distribution and marketing and sales.​

Empower your organization with LNG plant and terminal operations expertise. Enroll your team today and see the transformation in process safety governance and BOG recovery efficiency and full-chain LNG operations excellence!

Personal Benefits

Professionals implementing LNG plant and terminal operations training will benefit through:

• Deeper understanding of Skikda-class LNG plant process safety and maintenance governance mastery through the Sonatrach Skikda case showing that professionals who understand the specific hazard mechanisms at LNG plants including vapor cloud formation and boiler air-inlet ingestion and domino effects between units and apply that knowledge to maintenance checks and process safety reviews can prevent the kind of catastrophic loss of life and infrastructure seen at Skikda in 2004, with the course’s modules on major LNG hazards and safety hazard management and maintenance checks and risk management building exactly that level of safety literacy and practical judgment​
• Enhanced Qatargas JBOG BOG recovery cryogenic pipeline and compression mastery and terminal operations value-addition through the QatarEnergy JBOG project showing that engineers and terminal operators who understand the relationship between LNG loading operations and vapor generation and BOG compression and recondensation and cryogenic pipeline design can contribute to large-scale efficiency and environmental improvement projects at the world’s most complex LNG export facilities, with the course’s coverage of cargo loading procedures and BOG compressors and recondensers and high-pressure pumps and cryogenic pipelines and transfer operations directly preparing professionals to understand and evaluate and contribute to this class of project​
• Stronger PETRONAS Bintulu full-chain LNG value chain mastery and career versatility through the PETRONAS case demonstrating that professionals who understand the full LNG value chain from gas processing and liquefaction through shipping and regasification and domestic distribution are equipped to work across multiple asset types and business functions within a major LNG operator accelerating career progression and expanding the range of roles available to them, with the course’s structure across all eleven modules mirroring that full-chain coverage from LNG value chain sectors and terminal types through to maintenance and risk management and LNG development success factors​
• Advanced expertise in LNG plant and terminal operations principles, Skikda process safety root cause analysis and Qatargas JBOG BOG recovery engineering and PETRONAS full-chain LNG operations methodologies, and LNG hazard management and safety information management and maintenance checks and risk management integration domains
• Enhanced career prospects and marketability in LNG liquefaction operations, regasification terminal management, BOG recovery system design, LNG cargo loading and transfer, LNG safety and hazard management, and LNG value chain marketing and sales sectors with professionals gaining skills in Unit 40-class steam boiler maintenance governance, Qatargas-style JBOG cryogenic pipeline and compression BOG recovery, PETRONAS Bintulu Air Products Split MR liquefaction process operation, Linde BOG re-liquefaction facility management, and Qmax and Qflex Membrane and Moss vessel cargo handling
• Detailed understanding and knowledge of LNG plant and terminal operations and greater experience and confidence to regularly check for existing gaps or scope for maintenance to prevent loss to life and property and the environment
• Enhanced skill set and capabilities to handle critical roles and responsibilities related to LNG plant and terminal operations producing multiple opportunities for career growth and progression within and outside the organization

Course Outline

The course covers the following areas important to understand LNG plant and terminal operations:

Module 1 – Sectors in the LNG Value Chain

• Exploration and development
• Production
• Gas processing
• Liquefaction
• Transport
• Regasification
• Distribution and transport
• LNG marketing and sales
• Upstream to downstream LNG chain integration
• Value chain roles and responsibilities

Module 2 – Overview of LNG Terminals

• Description
• Types
• Liquefaction terminals (export)
• Regasification terminals (import)
• Broad terminal operations
• Terminal configuration and operating scope
• Export and import terminal differences

Module 3 – Equipment Components of LNG Import and Regasification Terminals

• Unloading arms
• Cryogenic pipelines
• Storage tanks
• Low-pressure pumps
• Boil-Off Gas (BOG) compressors and recondensers
• High pressure (HP) pumps
• Vaporisers
• Cryogenic handling equipment and functions
• BOG recovery and regasification systems

Module 4 – LNG Cargo Loading – Operational Procedures and Precautions

• Cargo tank drying
• Hold space drying
• Cargo tank inerting
• Annular space (moss-type vessels) inerting
• Inter-barriers space and insulation space (membrane-type vessels) inerting
• Gassing up
• Inerting and purging safety controls
• Pre-loading checks and gas-free verification

Module 5 – Transfer Operation Procedures

• Requirements
• Safety while bunkering
• Staff education and training
• Communication systems
• Pre-bunkering operations
• Operations during bunkering
• Post-bunkering operations
• Safe transfer coordination and monitoring
• Bunkering sequence and emergency response

Module 6 – Importance of LNG Terminal Maintenance

• LNG plant safety
• Productivity and results
• Regulatory compliance
• Preventive maintenance and equipment reliability
• Maintenance planning and inspection routines

Module 7 – Major LNG Hazards

• Flashfire
• Pool fire
• Jet fire
• Explosion
• Asphyxia
• Brittle fracture and cryogenic burns
• Cryogenic exposure and flammable vapor risks
• Domino effects and loss escalation

Module 8 – Safety Hazard Management at LNG Terminals

• Pool fires
• Flammable vapor clouds
• Terrorism hazards
• Others
• Hazard identification and control measures
• Emergency preparedness and incident mitigation

Module 9 – Aspects Considered During Maintenance Checks

• System state mode
• Pressure
• Temperature
• Flow
• Electrical status, current, voltage, intrinsic components
• Gas detection
• Structural integrity
• Safety information
• Equipment/plan surrounding
• Condition monitoring and abnormality detection
• Inspection findings and corrective actions

Module 10 – Risk Management in LNG

• Risk structure
• Risk management methodologies
• Risk types
• Risk assessment and mitigation planning
• Operational and safety risk prioritisation

Module 11 – Success Factors of LNG Development

• Government support
• Complete geotechnical data
• Qualified contractors
• Appropriate contracts
• Safety focus
• Project governance and stakeholder alignment
• Planning discipline and execution excellence

Real World Examples

Sonatrach – Skikda LNG plant explosion (Algeria, January 19–20, 2004): cascading failure and safety lessons

Implementation: Poten and Partners confirmed that the explosion at Sonatrach’s Skikda LNG facility on January 19 to 20 2004 destroyed three of the six liquefaction trains that comprise the GL-1K complex with the blast reportedly killing 27 people and injuring a further 74 and that the explosion apparently originated in a boiler that produces the steam necessary to run the main turbine associated with Train 40 and that the explosion triggered a fire that immediately spread to the mixed-refrigerant compressor and from there the fire jumped to Trains 30 and 20 and that the fact the boiler explosion caused damage to nearby process equipment raises questions about separation distances in this 1970s vintage process facility and that the steam boiler associated with Unit 40 was the only boiler among the six that was not either revamped or replaced as part of the overall revitalization and modernization program completed in the late 1990s. The Skikda complex is located on 92 hectares of land with Trains 10, 20, 30, and 40 located parallel to one another east of the LNG storage area and Trains 5P and 6P situated on the west side of the storage tanks with Poten and Partners confirming that this is almost certainly a maintenance and operational issue rather than an LNG technology failure and that a number of recent incidents indicate maintenance shortcomings on Sonatrach’s part including a fire at the GL-2Z plant at Bethioua on October 19 that resulted in a month-long shutdown and an explosion at a nearby LPG unit that caused substantial damage. The root causes including poor maintenance of Unit 40 and inadequate leak detection and no gas ingestion prevention on the boiler air inlet and poor unit distribution causing a severe domino effect provide one of the most important real-world demonstrations of the hazards including flashfire and explosion and jet fire and vapor cloud and safety hazard management and maintenance checks and risk management and success-factor principles the course addresses in its modules on major LNG hazards and safety hazard management and maintenance checks and risk management and success factors of LNG development.​

Results: Poten and Partners confirmed that Skikda accounts for 23 percent of Algeria’s 26.9 Bcm per year of LNG sales and that the loss of the three trains meant Sonatrach would have to find roughly 3 Bcm per year of additional product to honor its sales commitments to Mediterranean customers including Gaz de France’s Fos terminal and Italy’s Panagaglia terminal and Spain’s Barcelona terminal and Greece’s Depa Revithousa terminal, demonstrating that the organizational and financial consequences of inadequate LNG plant maintenance and process safety governance are catastrophic and reinforcing why the course’s modules on major LNG hazards and safety hazard management and maintenance checks and risk management are essential for all LNG professionals. Results confirmed that the large steam boilers of the type in which this explosion occurred are typically found at power generating plants as well as at some oil refineries and are not used at LNG receiving facilities and that about the only thing a regasification facility has in common with a liquefaction plant is its storage tanks and marine facilities illustrating exactly the terminal-type knowledge and equipment component understanding and hazard differentiation between liquefaction and regasification facilities the course builds through its modules on overview of LNG terminals and equipment components and major LNG hazards and safety hazard management.​

QatarEnergy (Qatargas) and partners – Jetty Boil-Off Gas Recovery (JBOG) project, Ras Laffan, Qatar

Implementation: Qatargas confirmed that the JBOG project at Ras Laffan Industrial City was successfully started up during the first week of October 2014 with the main shareholders being Qatar Petroleum and ExxonMobil and Total and ConocoPhillips and Shell and the facilities operated by Qatargas and RasGas as the two largest LNG producers in the world, with Saad Sherida Al Kaabi Managing Director of Qatar Petroleum highlighting the significance of the JBOG project as not only one of the largest environmental investments but also the largest LNG Boil-off Recovery Project in the world and that the development was initiated by Qatar Petroleum nearly a decade ago and represents a huge investment by Qatar Petroleum and its partners to reduce the carbon footprint of the 77 million tonnes per annum of LNG production facilities to the minimum practically possible. Around 100 million standard cubic feet per day of natural gas which used to be burnt and wasted during LNG ship loading is now being recovered and utilized in the LNG production plants as fuel with the facility designed to recover the BOG through large stainless-steel cryogenic pipelines ranging from 34 to 60 inches in diameter fed to a Central Compression Area for reintegration into the liquefaction trains, with JBOG project manager Bashir Mirza confirming that the JBOG team and its contractors are proud to have delivered this project safely and successfully while meeting the expectations of Qatar Petroleum and other project owners. A significant part of the JBOG project was devoted to upgrading around 85 LNG carrier ships to make them ready for recovering the boil-off gas with ships ranging from Qmax and Qflex and conventional Membrane and Moss type covered successfully with this complicated work largely complete resulting in the achievement of the gas recovery target of 90 percent, with the operation of these facilities reducing greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere and over a period of 30 years the project saving nearly one trillion cubic feet of gas for the State of Qatar.​

Results: Qatargas confirmed that the JBOG project is a direct real-world application of BOG compressor and cryogenic pipeline and cargo loading operational concepts with the recovery of 100 MMscfd of natural gas eliminating continuous flaring from the jetties and demonstrating in precise quantitative terms how professionals who understand the relationship between LNG loading operations and vapor generation and BOG compression and recondensation and cryogenic pipeline design can contribute to large-scale efficiency and environmental improvement projects, with the course’s coverage of cargo loading procedures and BOG compressors and recondensers and high-pressure pumps and cryogenic pipelines and transfer operations directly preparing professionals to understand and evaluate and contribute to this class of USD 1 billion world-record-scale project. Results confirmed that the JBOG project completion and operation is a great achievement with the excellent result achieved by everyone associated with this environmental project being a matter of great pride for the State of Qatar illustrating exactly the terminal equipment components and cargo loading procedures and transfer operations and terminal maintenance and LNG development success factors knowledge the course builds through its modules on equipment components of LNG import and regasification terminals and LNG cargo loading operational procedures and transfer operation procedures and importance of LNG terminal maintenance and success factors of LNG development.​

PETRONAS – Bintulu LNG complex and domestic regasification terminals (Malaysia): full-chain LNG operations

Implementation: Offshore Technology confirmed that the PETRONAS Bintulu LNG complex located approximately 20 km from Bintulu Town covers 276 hectares and currently accounts for 40.5 percent of Sarawak’s gross export and 6 percent of Malaysia’s total export and 4.2 percent of the country’s GDP and includes three LNG plants with nine LNG trains in total and that the complex is supplied with gas from gas fields in the Central Luconia area located 125 km to 275 km offshore Bintulu Sarawak with LNG exported primarily to customers in Japan and China and other countries in the Asia Pacific. The Petronas LNG Train 9 project construction and installation involved gas receiving facilities and an acid gas removal unit and a dehydration and mercury removal unit and a fractionation and liquefaction unit and an LNG rundown unit and associated utilities and facilities using Air Products’ proprietary Split MR liquefaction process technology with the latest major activity at the complex involving installation of a 1,840-tonne-per-day capacity BOG re-liquefaction facility incorporating Linde’s proprietary LNG process and core cryogenic heat exchanger with Siemens supplying a cryogenic-temperature BOG turbo compressor and a single-casing LNG-refrigerant turbo compressor both driven by Siemens SGT-700 mechanical drive gas turbines. PETRONAS additionally operates two LNG regasification terminals in Peninsular Malaysia including the RGTSU terminal at Sungai Udang Melaka and the RGTPJ terminal at Pengerang Johor together covering every stage of the LNG value chain taught in the course from gas processing and liquefaction at Bintulu through LNG shipping and import terminal receipt and regasification and pipeline distribution at RGTSU and RGTPJ, with Ebara International contracted to supply 12 cryogenic pumps and expanders and GE Oil and Gas supplying gas turbo-compression equipment and variable speed drive systems for the liquefaction facility.​

Results: Offshore Technology confirmed that the Bintulu complex with nine LNG trains and capacity of nearly 30 million tonnes per year alongside RGTSU and RGTPJ domestic regasification terminals demonstrates how organizational investment in trained plant and terminal personnel pays dividends across the entire LNG supply chain with PETRONAS’s security and safety protocols across all sites illustrating the terrorism hazard management and safety information management and maintenance and regulatory compliance obligations the course addresses in its modules on safety hazard management and maintenance checks and risk management and LNG terminal maintenance importance and success factors of LNG development. Results confirmed that professionals who understand the full LNG value chain from gas processing and liquefaction through shipping and regasification and domestic distribution are equipped to work across multiple asset types and business functions within a major LNG operator accelerating career progression and expanding the range of roles available to them illustrating exactly the full-chain LNG value chain and terminal overview and equipment components and cargo loading and transfer operations and maintenance and hazard management and risk management knowledge the course builds through all eleven of its comprehensive modules.​

Be inspired by leading LNG plant and terminal operations achievements. Register now to build the skills your organization needs for process safety governance excellence and BOG recovery efficiency and full-chain LNG operations success!