FLNG Plant, Vessel, Ship and Stock

Course Overview

This comprehensive professional development program is designed for senior management, offshore operations leaders, engineers, compliance and quality professionals, legal and environmental officers, and other industry practitioners seeking to understand and implement FLNG operations across oil and gas, energy, and offshore engineering contexts. Based on established FLNG frameworks covering modular construction, turret mooring systems, and cryogenic containment, the program highlights proven practices from a 2024 review demonstrating how FLNG reduces capital expenditure, avoids extensive onshore infrastructure, shortens delivery schedules through shipyard based construction, enables development of marginal or stranded gas fields by bringing liquefaction to the resource, and significantly lowers land use, coastal disruption, and environmental and community impacts compared with onshore LNG terminals.

The curriculum provides an integrated overview of FLNG composition and design specifications; construction methods including modular and hybrid approaches under DOC and DEC conditions; ship and carrier vessel design including hull fabrication and cryogenic systems; loading and transportation methods including side by side and tandem offloading; gas sampling, separation, dehydration, and acid gas removal; liquefaction technology and operation including refrigerant management and fuel efficiency; implementation of safety systems including structural integrity and fire protection; inspection and auditing of operational equipment; vessel inspection including annual surveys and maintenance planning; and application of the International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk, delivering comprehensive technical, operational, and regulatory coverage for FLNG excellence.

Why This Course Is Required?

FLNG operations management represents a critical competency for offshore gas development, as highlighted by a 2024 review demonstrating how FLNG reduces capital expenditure, avoids complex onshore works, accelerates first gas delivery, and materially improves project economics compared with large onshore LNG developments. Resource optimization requires specialized expertise, with the same review emphasizing how FLNG mobility enables viable development of marginal and stranded gas fields, allows expansion of LNG supply without creating new coastal industrial zones, and provides redeployable capacity once fields are depleted. Environmental stewardship further demands FLNG knowledgeable professionals, as offshore liquefaction significantly reduces land use, coastal disruption, community displacement, and overall environmental impact, with reduced onshore compression and shorter export routes contributing to lower disturbance levels.

The need for comprehensive FLNG training is reinforced by its importance to energy security and sustainable offshore development. Professionals must understand engineering responses to harsh offshore environments, master core offshore engineering principles including hull design, turret mooring, and cryogenic containment, apply regulatory and safety frameworks such as risk assessment and emergency response planning, and implement effective process optimization and equipment selection. These competencies enable organizations to achieve improved cost efficiency, enhanced field development, stronger environmental performance, and competitive advantage through practical understanding of DOC, DEC, liquefaction technologies, and IGC Code compliance.

Research demonstrates that FLNG training is crucial for organizational success, with studies showing review explaining FLNG units must withstand cyclones, high waves, and corrosive marine environments requiring robust hull design, turret mooring, cryogenic containment, and integrated topside process layouts with learning these constraints and solutions building capability to interpret and apply design criteria while same research stressing FLNG projects face stringent safety and environmental requirements including detailed risk assessments for fire, explosion, and cryogenic spills with emergency response planning and compliance with maritime and gas-carrier regulations preparing professionals to implement safety features and review noting FLNG liquefaction processes must be compact, efficient, and operable in constrained topside footprints driving selection and adaptation of specific refrigerant cycles and modular designs equipping participants to evaluate liquefaction options and storage configurations.

Course Objectives

Upon successful completion, participants will have demonstrated mastery of:

• Complete understanding of concept of FLNG and its operation
• Knowledge on selecting correct type of liquefaction process suitable for different scales of FLNG and feed gas composition
• Required information to select appropriate construction method for setting up plant
• Ability to carry out design optimisation for plant
• Awareness and understanding of recent findings regarding FLNG plant’s operation and transportation setup
• Understanding role of every operative needed on offshore site
• Ability to train other professionals or operatives working in FLNG plant or involved in its operation
• Safety guidelines on offshore plant and in any production and transport equipment operation
• Required skills to ensure overall maintenance of FLNG plant and ensure reduced environmental impact
• Gain a complete understanding of the FLNG concept and overall plant operation.​
• Select liquefaction processes appropriate to FLNG scale and feed gas composition.​
• Choose suitable construction methods for FLNG plants and associated vessels.​
• Perform basic design optimisation for FLNG layouts and systems.​
• Stay aware of recent technical and operational developments in FLNG plants and LNG transportation.​
• Understand the roles and responsibilities of key offshore personnel involved in FLNG operations.​
• Train other professionals and operatives involved in FLNG operations using course tools and case examples.​
• Apply safety guidelines to offshore FLNG plants and all production and transport equipment in line with IGC Code and class requirements.​
• Support maintenance planning and practices that sustain FLNG performance and minimise environmental impact.

Master FLNG operations excellence and drive offshore gas development. Enroll today to become an expert in FLNG Leadership!

Training Methodology

This collaborative FLNG Plant, Vessel, Ship and Stock course comprises the following training methods:

The training framework includes:

• Lectures by skilled and experienced professionals
• Tailored course content ensuring adequate participation and engagement
• Case studies, projects and real-life scenarios for practical application
• Group discussions and problem-solving exercises
• Workshops developing FLNG design specifications and safety protocols
• Hands-on exercises evaluating liquefaction processes and offloading systems
• Site visit simulations and equipment familiarization

This immersive approach fosters practical skill development and real-world application of FLNG principles through comprehensive coverage of turret mooring, cryogenic systems, and IGC Code compliance with emphasis on measurable cost reduction and environmental performance.

This program follows the Do-Review-Learn-Apply model with expert instructors ensuring industry-relevant content through practical case studies and offshore examples, creating a structured learning journey that transforms traditional gas processing approaches into professional excellence.

Who Should Attend?

This FLNG Plant, Vessel, Ship and Stock course is designed for:

• Top management involved in decision making related to production, storage and transport of LNG
• Executives and managers overseeing day-to-day operation at offshore site
• Engineers responsible for installation and operation of production plant
• Compliance officers ensuring standard of operating procedures
• Quality assurance and auditors responsible for maintaining quality of natural gas produced
• Legal advisors and environmental officers maintaining strict regulation of operational legislation and reduction of environmental hazards
• Any other professional within or outside industry willing to learn and understand FLNG process
• Naval architects and marine engineers
• Process engineers and operations supervisors
• HSE managers and safety specialists
• Professionals seeking FLNG certification

Organizational Benefits

Organizations implementing FLNG training will benefit through:

• Significantly enhanced project economics through comprehensive training delivering measurable returns where 2024 review notes FLNG avoids long export pipelines and major onshore works including dredging, jetties, and tank farms cutting capital expenditure and enabling much shorter delivery schedules through modular, shipyard-based construction with combination of lower CAPEX and accelerated first gas materially improving project economics compared with large, complex onshore LNG developments
• Better resource development through same review highlighting FLNG’s mobility and offshore siting make otherwise stranded or marginal fields viable by bringing liquefaction plant to gas rather than vice versa allowing companies and governments to expand LNG supply without building new coastal industrial zones, diversifying sources and offering redeployable capacity when field is depleted exactly what training teaches
• Improved environmental performance through because FLNG liquefies gas offshore it significantly reduces land acquisition, coastal modification, and associated community and environmental impacts compared with large onshore LNG terminals with review noting reduced need for onshore compression and shorter export routes as additional contributors to lower overall environmental disturbance as organizational benefits highlighted in training
• Strengthened competitive advantage through comprehensive understanding of turret mooring, cryogenic containment, liquefaction technology, and IGC Code compliance that enable superior FLNG excellence

Studies show that organizations implementing comprehensive FLNG training achieve significantly enhanced project economics as 2024 review confirms lower CAPEX and accelerated first gas through modular construction, better organizational outcomes through same review demonstrating FLNG mobility unlocking stranded gas reserves, and improved competitive positioning as research establishes offshore liquefaction reducing land acquisition and coastal modification while organizations benefit from skilled professionals in handling FLNG plant, vessel, ship and stock, compliance with structural standards and integrity required, application of current methods in improving performance, step-down training for other employees, implementation of safety measures in operation, maintenance of standard and quality, environmental hazard compliance, organizational efficiency and adequate utilisation of resources, and strategic decision making based on well-informed experience.

Empower your organization with FLNG expertise. Enroll your team today and see the transformation in offshore gas development and project economics!

Personal Benefits

Professionals implementing FLNG training will benefit through:

• Deeper understanding of engineering responses to harsh offshore conditions through review explaining FLNG units must withstand cyclones, high waves, and corrosive marine environments requiring robust hull design, turret mooring, cryogenic containment, and integrated topside process layouts with learning these constraints and solutions building capability to interpret and apply design criteria such as design operating conditions, design extreme conditions, and survival conditions covered in training
• Stronger grasp of regulatory and safety expectations through same research stressing FLNG projects face stringent safety and environmental requirements including detailed risk assessments for fire, explosion, and cryogenic spills with emergency response planning and compliance with maritime and gas-carrier regulations with professionals who understand these expectations better prepared to implement safety features including blast walls, spill prevention, and mooring integrity and manage inspections and audits as outlined in modules
• Enhanced ability to align process choices with FLNG constraints through review noting FLNG liquefaction processes must be compact, efficient, and operable in constrained topside footprints which has driven selection and adaptation of specific refrigerant cycles and modular designs with gaining familiarity with these trade-offs equipping participants to evaluate liquefaction options, storage configurations, and loading arrangements for different feed-gas and capacity scenarios directly supporting objectives
• Advanced expertise in turret mooring and weathervaning systems
• Enhanced career prospects and marketability in offshore oil and gas, LNG, marine engineering, and energy sectors with professionals gaining skills in FLNG design, operations, and safety
• Proper understanding of how floating LNG operates and differs from conventional natural gas production
• Required skill and expertise to oversee operation on offshore floating plant
• Awareness of physical and structural design specification for each component of plant
• Awareness of different vessels and ships suitable for transporting LNG from floating site
• Well equipped with up-to-date knowledge available within industry
• Awareness in proper application of relevant, recent and innovative concepts
• Ability to oversee junior employees and professionals responsible for different parts of production process
• Budding network with brilliant professionals in industry for design and operations
• Better decision-making skills relating to production, storage and offloading of large amounts of LNG

Course Outline

The course outlines the following topics that will be covered on the concept of FLNG production and transportation:

Module 1: Overview of FLNG

• Introduction to FLNG
• History of FLNG operations
• Active FLNG sites
• Composition
• Turret mooring
• LNG production system
• LNG storage system
• LNG loading system
• LNG transport system
• Design specification and requirement
• Understanding FLNG vs. onshore LNG: CAPEX/OPEX trade-offs, project economics (breakeven prices), field development strategies for marginal and stranded gas reserves
• Analyzing vessel motion impacts: effects of pitch, roll, heave, surge, sway, and yaw on process equipment performance, topside design for motion tolerance
• Implementing design basis: production capacity (MTPA), reservoir characteristics (pressure, temperature, composition), weather conditions (100-year storm), station-keeping requirements
• Understanding turret mooring systems: internal vs. external turrets, weathervaning capability, riser systems (rigid vs. flexible), disconnectable vs. permanent mooring, bearing systems
• Establishing FLNG economic drivers: unit technical cost ($/tonne), time-to-market advantages, redeployment flexibility, decommissioning strategies

Module 2: Construction method of FLNG

• Modular method
• Hybrid method
• Skidding method
• Design Operating Conditions (DOC)
• Design Extreme Conditions (DEC)
• Survival conditions
• Implementing construction strategies: newbuild vs. conversion (tanker/FPSO to FLNG), yard selection criteria (heavy-lift capacity, outfitting experience, location), integration sequencing
• Understanding structural analysis requirements: Finite Element Analysis (FEA) for hull and topsides, fatigue analysis (spectral vs. deterministic), sloshing analysis for partially-filled tanks
• Applying design standards: DNV, ABS, Lloyd’s Register class rules for FLNG units, API, ASME codes for process equipment, NORSOK standards for Arctic operations
• Establishing load cases: still water bending moments, wave-induced loads, green water impacts, blast loads, dropped object scenarios, collision/grounding
• Implementing weight and center of gravity control: weight monitoring during construction, inclining tests, stability criteria (intact and damaged), ballast system optimization

Module 3: Construction design of ship and carrier vessel

• Hull fabrication
• Ship conversion
• Large storage tanks
• Turret trunk and auxiliaries
• Transformers and magnetic bearing control
• Heat exchangers and cooling pump
• Liquid expander and compressor
• Piping layout
• Pipe stress and support
• Understanding containment systems: membrane (NO96, Mark III) vs. independent (Type A, B, C) tanks, insulation systems, boil-off gas (BOG) management, tank filling limits
• Implementing cryogenic design: materials selection for -162°C service (9% Ni steel, aluminum alloys, stainless steel), thermal contraction analysis, cold shock protection
• Analyzing process equipment for motion: anti-slosh baffles in separators, compressor surge control, level control challenges, pump NPSH considerations, relief system sizing
• Establishing machinery redundancy: N+1 or 2×100% philosophy for critical equipment (compressors, pumps, power generation), maintenance accessibility, equipment layout optimization
• Understanding dynamic positioning (DP) vs. mooring: DP class requirements (DP2, DP3), thruster capacity, power management system (PMS), redundancy concepts, failure mode analysis

Module 4: Loading and transportation of LNG

• Side-By-Side offloading
• Tandem offloading
• Tail unloading
• Split arrangement
• Generic liquefaction design
• Segregation of functions
• Parallel construction paths
• LNG storage tanks (MOSS type, SPB type, GTT type)
• Implementing offloading systems: loading arms vs. cryogenic hoses, emergency release systems (ERS), ship-to-ship transfer operations, weathervaning during offloading, limiting weather criteria
• Understanding cargo transfer operations: cool-down procedures, flow rate control, vapor return systems, custody transfer metering (Coriolis, ultrasonic), LNG quality specifications
• Analyzing boil-off gas management: reliquefaction vs. fuel gas use, BOG compressor sizing, nitrogen blanketing, tank pressure management (1.2 barg typical)
• Establishing marine operability: limiting significant wave height for offloading (typically 2-3m), safe approach and departure criteria, dynamic mooring analysis, vessel compatibility
• Implementing LNG carrier integration: compatibility with standard LNG carriers (125k-265k m³), shuttle tanker specifications, charter party terms, demurrage considerations

Module 5: Sampling and separation of liquefied gas

• Acid gas removal
• Dehydration
• Mercury removal
• Fractionation
• Manual sampling
• Automatic sampling
• Representative sampling
• Implementing gas treating processes: amine systems (MDEA, DEA) for CO₂/H₂S removal, molecular sieve dehydration (achieving <0.1 ppm H₂O), activated carbon mercury guards (<0.01 µg/Nm³)
• Understanding heavy hydrocarbon removal: NGL extraction requirements, hydrocarbon dewpoint control, preventing freeze-up in cryogenic exchangers, C3+ removal strategies
• Analyzing feed gas variability: handling composition changes, turndown capability (typically 50-100%), contaminant management, upstream processing requirements
• Establishing product quality specifications: LNG heating value (39-45 MJ/m³), methane number (>80), Wobbe Index, nitrogen content (<1%), ethane/propane limits per sales contracts
• Implementing online analyzers: gas chromatographs (GC) for composition, moisture analyzers (laser absorption), mercury analyzers (cold vapor atomic absorption), BTU analyzers

Module 6: Liquefaction technology and operation

• Refrigerant makeup
• Easy operability
• Efficient fuel consumption
• Expansion liquefaction
• Horizontal separator
• Absorption columns
• Understanding liquefaction process selection: C3MR (propane pre-cooled mixed refrigerant), DMR (dual mixed refrigerant), single mixed refrigerant (SMR), nitrogen expansion, comparison matrix
• Implementing mixed refrigerant optimization: composition control (nitrogen, methane, ethane, propane, butanes), refrigerant makeup systems, fractionation column operation, inventory management
• Analyzing thermodynamic efficiency: specific power consumption (kWh/tonne LNG, typically 250-350), coefficient of performance, pinch analysis, heat integration opportunities
• Establishing rotating equipment: aero-derivative vs. industrial gas turbines, electric motor drives, variable speed drives (VSD), magnetic bearings vs. oil bearings, compressor surge control
• Understanding plot plan optimization: equipment spacing for fire safety, maintenance access, pipe rack layout, flare system location, weight distribution for vessel stability
• Implementing startup and shutdown procedures: recycle mode operation, cool-down sequencing (avoiding thermal shock), inventory build-up, transition to steady state, planned shutdown protocols

Module 7: Implementation of safety features

• Structural integrity
• Cryogenic spill prevention
• LNG
• Refrigerants
• Fire and explosion-proof
• Blast walls
• Egress and escape
• Emissions
• Mooring system
• Implementing quantitative risk assessment (QRA): identifying major accident hazards, event tree/fault tree analysis, individual risk per annum (IRPA), F-N curves, ALARP demonstration
• Understanding safety systems: Emergency Shutdown (ESD) levels (ESD-1, ESD-2, ESD-3), cause-and-effect matrices, Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS) per IEC 61511, Safety Integrity Level (SIL) requirements
• Establishing fire and gas detection: flame detectors (IR3, UV/IR), gas detectors (catalytic, IR, ultrasonic), toxic gas monitoring (H₂S), voting logic (2oo3), detector placement per CFD analysis
• Implementing passive fire protection (PFP): fireproofing materials, H-rating requirements (typically H-60 or H-120), blast-resistant design, structural steel protection, cable tray protection
• Understanding LNG spill scenarios: rapid phase transition (RPT) on water, cryogenic rollover in tanks, dispersion modeling (PHAST, FLACS), exclusion zones, vapor cloud modeling
• Establishing emergency response: Emergency Shutdown Depressurization (ESDV), blowdown and flare systems, deluge systems, foam systems for LNG fires, evacuation routes, lifeboats/life rafts, helicopter landing facilities
• Implementing process safety management (PSM): Management of Change (MOC), Pre-Startup Safety Review (PSSR), Process Hazard Analysis (PHA/HAZOP), incident investigation, safety performance indicators

Module 8: Inspection of operational equipment

• Routine inspection
• Periodic maintenance
• Auditing
• Equipment test-run
• Limit compliance
• Regulator
• Implementing reliability-centered maintenance (RCM): failure mode analysis for critical equipment, preventive vs. predictive maintenance strategies, condition-based monitoring techniques
• Understanding inspection technologies: ultrasonic thickness testing (UT), radiographic testing (RT), magnetic particle inspection (MPI), eddy current testing, acoustic emission monitoring
• Establishing rotating equipment monitoring: vibration analysis (ISO 10816), bearing temperature monitoring, oil analysis (wear metals, contamination), performance trending (flow, head, efficiency)
• Implementing turnaround planning: maintenance windows aligned with reservoir decline or weather, scope development, critical path scheduling, material procurement lead times, contractor mobilization
• Understanding asset integrity management: performance standards, barrier management, integrity operating windows, verification activities, key performance indicators (process safety, reliability)
• Applying digital technologies: remote monitoring and diagnostics, digital twins for predictive maintenance, drone inspections for hard-to-access areas, augmented reality (AR) for maintenance procedures

Module 9: Inspection of Ship and Carrier Vessel

• Annual Surveys
• Surveys During Construction of LNG Ships (During construction, After construction)
• Periodic survey
• Buyers Inspections
• SIRE Inspections
• Understanding classification society surveys: special survey (every 5 years), intermediate survey, annual survey, continuous survey system, class notation requirements (FLNG-1, FLNG-2 per DNV)
• Implementing hull integrity inspections: close-up surveys of critical structural areas, thickness measurements, coating condition assessment, corrosion monitoring, cathodic protection systems
• Establishing statutory inspections: International Load Line, SOLAS (Safety of Life at Sea), MARPOL (Marine Pollution), flag state requirements, port state control preparedness
• Understanding in-service inspection techniques: remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) for underwater inspections, non-destructive testing (NDT) methods, internal tank inspections, mooring system inspections
• Implementing vetting and inspection programs: SIRE (Ship Inspection Report Programme) preparedness, Oil Companies International Marine Forum (OCIMF) standards, terminal operator inspections, charterer requirements

Module 10: International Code For The Construction & Equipment Of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases In Bulk (IGC CODE)

• Gas Carrier Rules and Regulations
• IGC code
• Vessel arrangements for LNG ships
• Ship survival capability
• Understanding IGC Code structure: ship types (1G, 2G, 2PG, 3G), product classification (cargo requiring maximum/significant/moderate preventive measures), independence of cargo systems
• Implementing IGC Code requirements: cargo containment systems, materials and construction, fire protection and extinction, mechanical ventilation, electrical installations, instrumentation and automation
• Establishing damage stability criteria: assumed damage extent, survivability in damaged condition, stability in intermediate flooding stages, residual stability requirements
• Understanding gas-safe machinery spaces: location and segregation requirements, gas detection and monitoring, ventilation requirements, equipment certification (Zone 0, 1, 2 per IEC 60079)
• Implementing cargo system requirements: liquid and vapor line specifications, emergency shutdown systems, cargo tank instrumentation, pressure relief systems, cargo transfer systems
• Analyzing regulatory framework: IMO (International Maritime Organization) guidelines, flag state interpretations, classification society rules interpretation, Interim Guidelines and Circulars for FLNG
• Understanding FLNG-specific regulations: IMO FLNG Safety Guidelines (MSC.1/Circ.1502), differences from LNG carriers, simultaneous operations (SIMOPS) requirements, interface with visiting vessels

Real World Examples

Shell Prelude FLNG (Australia) – large-scale FLNG in harsh metocean conditions

Implementation: Shell Prelude FLNG, stationed offshore Western Australia in Browse Basin, examined large-scale floating offshore facility operations in extreme environment through deployment of world’s largest FLNG facility designed for 50-year hull life exposed to cyclones and heavy seas at distance of 200km offshore at Prelude field at depth of 250m with facility permanently moored for 25 years using four groups of mooring chains with each mooring chain connected to seabed by suction piles across Australian offshore operations supporting harsh metocean conditions validation to determine whether integrated full LNG value chain including processing, liquefaction, storage, and offloading can be consolidated onto single floating unit capable of withstanding category 5 cyclones.
Results: The implementation achieved substantial scale demonstration with Shell Prelude FLNG representing world’s largest floating offshore facility validating feasibility of integrating complete LNG value chain onto single floating unit with facility designed to produce 110,000 barrels of oil equivalent per day demonstrating massive production capacity achievable through FLNG technology, delivered extreme environment capability where design of FLNG facility enables it to withstand extreme weather conditions including category 5 cyclone with permanent mooring system using four groups of mooring chains connected to seabed by suction piles providing station-keeping capability in harsh Browse Basin metocean conditions for 25-year mooring period, and established comprehensive validation demonstrating project validates many design, safety, and operational concepts including robust hull design for 50-year life, turret mooring for weathervaning capability, cryogenic containment systems, integrated topside process layouts, and emergency response protocols for cyclone evacuations illustrating course modules on construction design, turret mooring, liquefaction technology, safety features, and inspection requirements, showcasing how systematic large-scale FLNG deployment with world’s largest floating facility and category 5 cyclone-resistant design directly enables superior extreme environment operations, enhanced integrated LNG value chain feasibility, and improved harsh metocean conditions capability in Australian offshore Browse Basin operations.

Petronas FLNG Satu (Malaysia) – monetising smaller, previously stranded gas

Implementation: Petronas examined first operational FLNG facility deployment through FLNG Satu processing gas from Kanowit gas field offshore Sarawak with capacity around 1-1.5 mtpa at 365-metre-long facility with dry weight of 132,000 tonnes towed from Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering shipyard in Okpo, South Korea for 2,120 nautical mile journey to Malaysia moored 180 kilometres offshore Sarawak across Malaysian offshore operations supporting stranded gas monetization validation to determine whether siting liquefaction directly over field can convert relatively modest offshore resource into exportable LNG without building new onshore terminal.
Results: The implementation achieved substantial first-mover success with Petronas FLNG Satu becoming first operational FLNG globally demonstrating commercial viability of floating liquefaction technology with facility starting production from Kanowit gas field in December 2016 and loading first cargo in April 2017 establishing operational track record, delivered stranded gas monetization where by processing gas from Kanowit field offshore Sarawak with 1-1.5 mtpa capacity Petronas converted relatively modest offshore resource into exportable LNG without building new onshore terminal illustrating FLNG’s value for small and remote fields that would otherwise remain undeveloped due to uneconomic pipeline or onshore facility requirements, and established redeployment flexibility demonstrating FLNG facility was relocated to Kebabangan field offshore Sabah Malaysia in March 2019 operated by Kebabangan Petroleum Operating Company proving redeployable capacity concept where FLNG units can be moved to new fields when original field is depleted maximizing asset utilization validating course emphasis on FLNG mobility, offshore siting bringing liquefaction plant to gas, and unlocking stranded reserves, showcasing how systematic first operational FLNG with modest capacity for small fields and redeployment capability directly enables superior stranded gas monetization, enhanced small field development economics, and improved asset utilization flexibility in Malaysian offshore Sarawak and Sabah operations.

Coral South FLNG (Mozambique) – FLNG as a development catalyst for an emerging LNG nation

Implementation: Eni as Delegated Operator examined FLNG as development catalyst for emerging LNG nation through Coral South FLNG off Mozambique deployed as mid-scale unit processing gas from Coral gas field in ultra-deep waters of Rovuma Basin with estimated reserve of about 500 billion cubic metres and floating liquefaction plant expected to produce 450 billion cubic meters of natural gas and liquefy 3.4 million metric tons annually from $8 billion project across Mozambique offshore operations supporting first LNG exports validation to determine whether using FLNG rather than greenfield onshore plant can enable country’s first LNG exports from deepwater gas discoveries while managing coastal and social impacts.
Results: The implementation achieved substantial national development milestone with Coral South FLNG enabling Mozambique’s first LNG exports as first development to produce from Mozambique’s Rovuma Basin with facility producing first LNG volumes in early October 2022 following on-schedule start-up and first cargo departing in November 2022 establishing Mozambique as LNG exporter contributing to ensuring global gas supplies, delivered accelerated market entry where by using FLNG rather than greenfield onshore plant project advanced more quickly with $8 billion capital expenditure and mid-scale 3.4 million metric tons per year capacity enabling faster time-to-market than large onshore terminal would have required while managed coastal and social impacts avoiding extensive onshore infrastructure development, dredging, jetty construction, and land acquisition that would have been necessary for onshore facility, and established emerging nation development model demonstrating Coral South gave Mozambique entry point into global LNG market illustrating how FLNG supports both commercial objectives of accessing deepwater gas reserves and national development goals of establishing LNG export industry with reduced onshore footprint validating course emphasis on FLNG as cost-effective alternative to onshore LNG, unlocking stranded gas reserves, and reduced onshore environmental footprint, showcasing how systematic mid-scale FLNG deployment with ultra-deep water Rovuma Basin development and accelerated first exports directly enables superior emerging nation market entry, enhanced deepwater gas monetization, and improved coastal and social impact management in Mozambique offshore operations.

Be inspired by leading FLNG achievements. Register now to build the skills your organization needs for offshore gas development excellence!